History of the Linhof Camera

Linhof cameras have a history of over 120 years. Made in Munich, Germany Linhof cameras are used by professional photographers and collected by photography enthusiasts. Linhof cameras are known for producing high-quality, large-format photographs, especially panoramic outdoor pictures. In 1983, NASA astronauts used a Linhof Aero camera to photograph the earth from the Discovery space shuttle.

In 1887, master mechanic Valentin Linhof started production of metal circular leaf camera shutters, which won him a medal in Paris. Two years later, the Linhof company constructed its first all-metal camera, designed by Joseph Barth. The camera -- made of aluminum instead of brass -- was available in 9 by 12 centimeter (cm) formats for either glass plates or roll film. The camera was square and by rotating a ground glass screen, the photographer could change from upright to horizontal photos without removing the camera from the tripod. In 1892, Linhof received a patent for the first camera lens incorporating a shutter.

Linhofs philosophy was to produce equipment for the premium photography market and he was more interested in quality than mass production. Linhof died in 1929 and in 1933, a young engineer named Nikolaus Karpf joined the company and developed the Technika camera, which expanded the company's fortunes. The Technika prototype -- taken from the German words "Technische Kamera" -- first appeared in 1934. After a few tweaks, it was finally ready in 1935. Technika production of two formats -- 6 by 9 cm and 9 by 12 cm -- started in 1936.

There are no details about what happened to the Linhof company during World War II -- 1939 to 1945 in Europe. Its history starts up again in 1946 with another Technika model -- number III. This camera had a square metal body, a swing-and-tilt frame, a triple extension of the drop bed and an adjustable standard. Photographers could buy the camera with or without a coupled rangefinder, which directly links to the lens distance ring and removes the need to manually measure distance. In 1950, the Technika camera with an optical range finder entered the U.S. market and the Linhof company embarked on the expansion of international trade. In the 1960s, Linhof cameras became increasingly popular with professionals and the company won medals at photography expositions worldwide.

During the 1960s, the Linhof company also developed an optical bench camera system called Kardan. The camera was mounted on ball-type universal joints that could run around a rail. The system enabled precision photographs and the Kardan B model became a favorite for outdoor photography. As of June 2011, the Linhof company continues to producing premium quality cameras. The Technika Aero model is used by both American and European space missions, as well as specialists in aerial photography. In 1996, the company developed the Linhof M679, a dual system camera that allows photographers to switch between digital and analog work. In the 21st century, the company introduced a new range of the M679 camera, including a special outdoor edition, and in 2007 it produced a special edition Master Technika 3000 Jubilee camera to celebrate its 120th anniversary.

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