Lighting & Positioning Photography Techniques

Photographers make use of many different techniques when positioning the lights and the subject for the photo composition. They create texture by emphasizing the detail of a subject, and move lights or change camera angles to make the best use of the shadows in their image while minimizing highlights. They must always be aware of the shapes and lines of their subject, and arrange the composition to create the best possible image.

Shape is a basic element to the composition of a photograph. Photographers arrange lights to silhouette a subject and give it form, which creates a 3-D effect. Placing objects against contrasting backdrops gives the shape more dominance. Lines provide a composition with its structure and cause the viewer's eye to move in a certain way. Different types of lines create different moods with vertical lines depicting strength. Horizontal lines represent peacefulness, curved lines depict gracefulness, and diagonal lines create a sense of movement and action.

Great attention is placed on the position and depth of shadows. The form, curves and texture are all determined by the shadow and without it objects appear flat and dull when photographed. Depending on the position and angle of lights, and the composition of the photograph, shadows can be harsh or soft. Soft shadows provide more detail, while dark shadows are used to emphasize form and texture -- and to direct the eye to the main focus of the picture. Moving main lights or the object being photographed will adjust shadows to solve any problems.

The texture of a photograph emphasizes the details and creates form. It also provides realism and character and strengthens the focal point of the composition. Different lighting and changes in camera position can improve the texture dramatically. Photographers usually try to create the most texture possible through light positioning and camera angles. Light is arranged so that it falls along the main subject. An image is usually taken with only the main light to analyze the texture. Once it is optimal, any fill lights are then added.

Once the lights are placed to maximize texture, photographers analyze the highlights of the composition. These are reflections that can be created by shiny surfaces or bright areas. In order to reduce these highlights, lighting placement may need to be slightly adjusted or the composition might need to be altered.

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