Standard Operating Procedures in Photography

A photograph requires many individual, operational steps. Cameras need maintenance and preparation before they can record images. At its most basic level, photography is a process of light passing through lenses and reflecting off mirrors to reach the film or digital sensors on which the image imprints. Photographers must adequately prepare the mirrors and glass, film or sensors, and employ light to practice their craft.

Ensure that the camera is adequately powered, and all necessary components are present. Cameras need a charged battery. Most cameras used by personal photographers are compact and include the necessary lenses and other components necessary for operation. Larger cameras with interchangeable lenses must have a lens attached to operate. Every camera must also have something onto which it will record images. Older cameras use film; digital cameras require a flashcard.

Since the photo making components of a camera are glass and mirrors, each of those pieces need to be clean to record images. Dust or a fingerprint on a lens renders photographs useless. Compact point and shoot cameras have just one lens. However, cameras with interchangeable lenses have glass surfaces on the lens itself, in addition to the mirror or sensor inside the camera body which must be clean to work properly. Cleaning the interior sensor is the most delicate process of camera operation. Applying too much pressure can scratch and permanently damage the sensor, destroying the camera. If dust or other contaminants are on any of the lenses, it may make it impossible to focus the lenses properly.

A photograph is simply a picture of light. Light is the most critical element of any picture. Without enough of it, the camera will not document anything. Photographers need an environment with enough light to record an image. The light may be natural or artificial or the photographer may provide the light herself. Compact cameras have built-in flashes, which emit a bright flash of light simultaneously when the shutter releases. Photographers can attach automatic flashes to their cameras or set up independent stand lights for the necessary light. Many cameras also require the user set it to balance the colors of the light available so that the tonality of the pictures is accurate. This process is white balancing.

Photographers must compose an image within the frame of the camera. For arranged photographs, this may entail placing objects or people into place. For landscape photography or photojournalism, the photographer instead has to position herself to see the desired elements within the window of the camera.

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